Name

Capella university

NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective

Prof. Name

Date
Applying Ethical Principles
Ethical principles are regulations and guidelines that healthcare providers adopt to ensure patients’ safety and integrity. The necessity of finding an equilibrium between ethical standards and patient care can cause ethical quandaries for healthcare professionals (Evans et al., 2020). Ethical principles assist doctors and nurses in overcoming difficult situations, combining the pursuit of healthcare improvements with core values such as beneficence, justice, and autonomy (Akdeniz et al., 2021). Ethical issues arise because of disputes between ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and fairness (Evans et al., 2020). The assessment intends to highlight the crucial role of ethical principles in directing medical personnel to cope with ethical difficulties.
Summary of Case Study
The case study of Dr. Leonard Harper, a geneticist at Hillside Medical Center, and Mrs. Clara Bennett, a pregnant lady worried about hereditary diseases, highlights important ethical considerations about embryonic genetic examinations. The underlying ethical quandary is between patient autonomy and the need for open communication with medical professionals. However, Mrs. Clara Bennett makes her autonomy by requesting that Dr. Leonard Harper withhold the frustrating results of her infant’s suspected  Down Syndrome from her husband. Dr. Harper faces a challenge in balancing patients’ wishes with the importance of open communication within a family. The case study underscores patient autonomy, privacy, and ethical decision-making in medical care (Capella University, n.d).
Analysis of Case Study
Peer-reviewed research on geneticists’ unique need for customer autonomy and open communication in decision-making shed a spotlight on Dr. Leonard Harper’s ethical dilemma with Mrs. Clara Bennett. Warton et al. (2023), underlined the importance of patient autonomy in making informed decisions, particularly regarding prenatal genetic testing. Respecting and understanding patients’ desires and preferences is critical, supporting them in making decisions about healthcare issues and building a collaborative relationship among patients and clinicians (Warton et al., 2023).

This applies to Dr. Leonard Harper’s position, where Mrs. Clara Bennett wants to keep the genetic results of her fetus secret from her husband. Dr. Leonard Harper faces a dilemma about open communication and autonomy within the patient’s family. Dr. Leonard Harper is concerned about the strain this confidentiality can put on Mrs. Clara Bennett’s relationship and its implications for future medical decisions concerning the child’s health. Mattei et al. (2021), present a research study that investigates open communication among family members about ethical decision-making procedures in the context of prenatal genetic testing. Open communication between family members promotes mutual comprehension and facilitates collaborative decision-making regarding the genetic testing of prenatal children (Mattei et al., 2021).
Capella 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles
Mrs. Clara Bennett’s decision to keep information from her stressed husband complicates the dilemma, requiring ethical considerations of beneficence, open communication, and family consensus in decision-making. The research emphasizes the significance of open communication in soldiers’ families, highlighting that these circumstances significantly impact interpersonal interactions and decision-making (Kaye, 2023). Furthermore, it ensures that every participant is included in decision-making, establishing confidence and shared accountability and resulting in productive, beneficial decisions for the prenatal child.

The rationale for selecting these studies is they meet the CRAAP criteria (currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose), used to find the credibility and accuracy of resources (Muis et al., 2022). Articles emphasize patient autonomy, open communication, and trust in genetic healthcare decision-making. They highlight the ethical importance of respecting individuals’ rights and building trust between patients and providers.
Effectiveness of Communication Approaches
The efficacy of communication strategies is critical in the moral dilemma addressed in the case study. Dr. Leonard Harper effectively communicates prenatal findings to Mrs. Clara Bennett privately, demonstrating competence and compassion and ensuring a respectful and effective discussion (Vanstone et al., 2019). Autonomy and confidentiality are medical ethics that promote patient confidence and foster relationships between patients and clinicians (Nishioka et al., 2019). Dr. Leonard Harper’s anonymity and sympathetic approach to Mrs. Clara Bennett are vital to efficient interaction. His ability to create a secure environment for Mrs. Clara Bennett to express her concerns without immediate criticism or stress acknowledges her autonomy and aligns with individualized care values (Stoll & Jackson, 2020).

Employing effective communication tactics, Dr. Leonard Harper should practice sympathetic listening, provide comprehensive test results information, and advise Mrs. Clara Bennett on effective communication strategies for the family without compromising her autonomy. (Choe et al., 2019). A paternalistic interaction approach, in which medical personnel make decisions without involving and informing patients, should be prevented (Ponce et al., 2020). This strategy impacts patient autonomy, which could lead to disappointment and rejection of the medical system. However, Dr. Leonard Harper has to avoid enforcing his opinions on Mrs. Clara Bennett, which impacts patients’ decisions despite their desires (Mapes et al., 2019).
Ethical Decision-Making Model 
The essential elements of the ethical decision-making paradigm are moral awareness, judgment, and behavior (Nguyen & Crossan, 2021). The first step is moral awareness, which is referred to as an individual’s capacity to identify moral nature and ethical dilemmas. In the case study, Dr. Harper exhibits moral awareness by identifying the ethical quandary of combining patient autonomy against the possible impact of inefficient communication on family relations. The next step is moral judgment, in which an individual forms and assesses the ethical justifications for the challenge, leading to alternative solutions (Small & Lew, 2019). Dr. Leonard Harper has shown moral judgment by organizing a private consultation to discuss the results.

This in-person discussion enabled him to comprehend the patient’s viewpoint and assess the moral principle behind the situation. In the following phase, moral behavior refers to an individual’s intention to make an ethical decision (Small & Lew, 2019). In this scenario, his intentions to respect the patient’s autonomy by providing thorough knowledge of hazards and considering the possible effects of his actions on the patient and her family fall under the category of moral behavior. The geneticist’s competence in this final phase is defined by his capacity to comply with ethical commitments while minimizing concerns about the medical partnership (Andersson et al., 2022).
Consequences of Using Effective and Non-Effective Approaches 
Ethical concepts like autonomy and open communication promote positive outcomes, fostering patients’ confidence, value, and satisfaction with their care. Encouraging healthcare personnel to take ethical responsibility can enhance compliance with medical regimens, improve patient safety, and maintain healthcare system confidence and professional ethics (Alruwaili et al., 2023). On the other hand, paternalism, an inefficient strategy, can lead to negative consequences, such as decreased patient trust and increased discontent towards health professionals (Ponce et al., 2020). Furthermore, breaking patient confidentiality and communication failures can lead to weakened therapeutic partnerships, moral suffering, and lower job satisfaction among healthcare personnel. Additionally, Ethical failures can result in legal repercussions for the healthcare system, potentially impacting judicial and legislative proceedings (Drossman et al., 2021).
Applying Ethical Principles to Solve Proposed Problem
Applying ethical principles to address the problem stated in Dr. Leonard Harper’s case study with his patient, Mrs. Clara Bennett, can aid in discovering solutions. The solutions to the case study are based on three principles: autonomy, informed decision-making, beneficence, and transparent communication. The issue is resolved using ethical principles because retaining confidence in the clinical interaction requires reconciling anonymity with beneficence (Nishioka et al., 2019). It entails offering benefits while avoiding damage. Dr. Leonard Harper has an extensive discussion with Mrs. Clara Bennett. In discussion, Dr. Leonard Harper should encompass the beneficial and adverse aspects of disclosing DNA test findings with her husband.

This strategy complies with the ethical values of informed choices and autonomy because it empowers the patient to make acceptable, informed medical choices, such as disclosure of sensitive genetic test findings (Warton et al., 2023). Furthermore, by promoting an open dialogue with her husband, Dr. Harper can promote beneficence and compassion by creating an encouraging familial setting that allows parents to make collaborative decisions about their prenatal child (Mattei et al., 2021). This approach establishes an equilibrium between individual freedom and medical ethics, emphasizing patient autonomy and family security. Lastly, it enables the medical personnel to perform their professional role of improving patient care.
Conclusion
The case study of Dr. Harper and Mrs. Bennett exemplifies the complicated relationship between patient autonomy, privacy, and ethical decision-making. It demonstrates that medical providers must reconcile patient rights with family and ethical considerations. This case study underscores the significance of ethical awareness and open communication.
References
Akdeniz, M., Yardımcı, B., & Kavukcu, E. (2021). Ethical considerations at the end-of-life care. SAGE Open Medicine, 9, 20503121211000918. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F20503121211000918

Alruwaili, T., Crawford, K., Jahanfar, S., Hampton, K., & Fooladi, E. (2023). Pregnant person