Question  In this assignment, you will examine the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and developmental considerations for two urinary disorders of your choosing. Consider how one disorder would affect adolescents and other adults or older adults. Urinary System Disorders Step 1: Locate at least one evidence-based resource to support your response. Step 2 Download the Urinary System Disorders Download Urinary System Disorders worksheet. Step 3 Complete the worksheet. In the header row of the table, enter the names of the disorders. In the remaining rows of the table, enter a description of the disorder, the clinical manifestations, the underlying pathophysiology, and developmental considerations (consider the age of onset with respect to the physiological, psychological, and social implications of the disease). Be sure to cite all sources used to complete the worksheet and provide a reference using proper APA formatting. Step 5 Save and submit your assignment. For grading details see the rubric below. Rubric Flow Chart Rubric Flow Chart Rubric Criteria Rating Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Table Completion 10 to >8.0 pts Excellent The table is completely filled out. 8 to >6.0 pts Needs Some Improvement The table is mostly filled out.

 
Urinary System Disorders



 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)




Description of the disorder
·         Urinary incontinence is a medical condition characterized by the inability to control the release of urine from the bladder (Pizzol et al., 2021). 

·         It affects people of all ages and genders but is more prevalent in older adults and women.

·         There are various types of urinary incontinence, including stress, urge, mixed, and overflow (Pizzol et al., 2021).

 
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur in any part of the urinary tract, including the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019). 

UTIs are common, especially in women, because they have longer urethras than males (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019).

They can range from mild to severe.

 


Clinical Manifestations
The clinical manifestations of urinary incontinence include leakage of urine during physical activities such as coughing, sneezing, or exercising, as well as a strong and sudden urge to urinate, followed by loss of urine (Pizzol et al., 2021). 

Other symptoms may include frequent urination, nocturia, and difficulty starting or stopping urine flow (Pizzol et al., 2021).

 
The clinical manifestations of UTIs include painful or burning urination, frequent urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, abdominal or back pain, and fever and chills (in severe cases) (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019). 

 


Underlying pathophysiology
The underlying pathophysiology of urinary incontinence can be due to several factors, such as weak pelvic muscles, bladder overactivity, nerve damage, and underlying medical conditions, such as neurological disorders, pregnancy, and menopause (Pizzol et al., 2021). 

 
The underlying pathophysiology of UTIs involves the invasion of bacteria into the urinary tract. The bacteria can enter the body through the urethra and multiply in the bladder, leading to infection. 

Risk factors for UTIs include a weakened immune system, previous UTIs, sexual activity, and a history of bladder or kidney problems (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019).

 


Developmental Considerations
The developmental considerations of urinary incontinence vary depending on the age of onset. In adolescents, incontinence can result from anatomic or functional problems, leading to physiological implications such as bedwetting, stress, poor relationships, and frequent urination (Pizzol et al., 2021). 

In older adults, incontinence can be caused by physical changes such as skin irritation, infection, and weakened pelvic muscles, leading to decreased mobility and reduced quality of life (Pizzol et al., 2021).

Additionally, incontinence can have psychological implications, causing shame, depression, embarrassment, and reduced self-esteem, leading to social isolation (Pizzol et al., 2021).

Furthermore, urinary incontinence can impact daily activities, leading to decreased work productivity and difficulty with physical activities (Pizzol et al., 2021).

Individuals of all ages need to seek medical treatment and management strategies to minimize the negative consequences of incontinence and improve their overall quality of life.

 
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) can have different developmental considerations depending on the age of onset. At a young, UTIs can result from anatomic abnormalities or functional problems, leading to physiological implications such as fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019). 

In older children and adolescents, psychological implications such as shame, embarrassment, and reduced self-esteem can arise from frequently changing and managing UTI symptoms (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019).

For adults, UTIs can impact social and physical function, leading to reduced mobility, decreased work productivity, and decreased overall quality of life (Medina & Castillo-Pino, 2019). Physiologically, UTIs can also lead to severe complications, such as kidney damage and sepsis, if left untreated, especially in adults.

Therefore, it is crucial for individuals of all ages to be aware of the risks and causes of UTIs and to seek prompt medical treatment to minimize potential negative consequences.

 

 



 References
Medina, M., & Castillo-Pino, E. (2019). An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Therapeutic advances in urology, 11, 1756287219832172.

Pizzol, D., Demurtas, J., Celotto, S., Maggi, S., Smith, L., Angiolelli, G., … & Veronese, N. (2021). Urinary incontinence and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging clinical and experimental research, 33, 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01712-y

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