TUMOR MARKERS

 






S. No.
Tumor Marker
Cancer Type
Tissue Analyzed
Purpose


1.
ALK gene

Rearrangement
Non-small cell

Lung cancer: anaplastic

Large cell lymphoma
Tumor tissue
To help determine treatment and prognosis


2.
Alpha(AFPX0.64IU/L)
Liver cancer: germ cell tumors
Blood
To help diagnose fetoprotein liver cancer and follow response to treatment: to assess stage, prognosis, and response to treatment.


3.
Beta 2 microglobulin
Multiple myeloma: chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Blood, urine and CSF
To determine prognosis and to follow response to treatment


4.
Beta human chorionic gonadotropin(Beta-hCG)
Choriocarcinoma: testicular cancer
Urine or blood
To assess the stage, prognosis, and response to treatment


5.
BCR- ABL
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Blood or bone marrow
To confirm diagnosis and monitor disease status


6.
CA 15-3

CA 27.29
Breast cancer
Blood
To assess treatment is effective and disease has recurred


7.
CA 19-9
Pancreatic cancer, Gallbladder cancer, Bile duct cancer, Gastric cancer
Blood
To assess treatment is working or not


8.
CA 125
Ovarian cancer
Blood
To help in diagnosis, assessment of response to treatment, and evaluation of recurrence


9.
Calcitonin
Medullary thyroid
Blood
To aid in cancer diagnosis, treatment is working or not, assess recurrence


10.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Colorectal cancer

Breast cancer
Blood
To check cancer has spread

To look breast for breast cancer recurrence and assess the response of treatment


11.
CD 20
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Blood
Determine treatment with targeted therapy is appropriate


12.
Chromogranin A (CgA)
Neuroendocrine
Blood
Tumor diagnosis, assessment of treatment response, and evaluation of recurrence


13.
Chromosomes

3,7,17 and 9p21
Bladder cancer
Urine
Monitoring for tumor recurrence


14.
Cytokeratin  Fragments 21-1
Lung cancer
Blood
Monitoring for recurrence


15.
EGFR mutation analysis
Non-small cell
tumor tissue
Determine lung cancer treatment and prognosis


16.
Estrogen receptor (ER)

Progesterone receptor (PR)
Breast cancer
Tumor tissue
Determine whether treatment with hormonal therapy is appropriate


17.
Fibrin/fibrinogen
Bladder cancer
Urine
Monitor progression and response to treatment


18.
HE4
Ovarian cancer
Blood
Assess disease progression and monitor recurrence


19.
HER2/neu
Breast cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer
Tumor tissue
Determine treatment with Trastuzumab is appropriate


20.
Immunoglobulins
Multiple myeloma:

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Blood and urine
Diagnose disease, assess response to treatment and recurrence


21.
KIT
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: mucosal melanoma
Tumor tissue
Diagnose and determine treatment


22.
KRAS mutation
Colorectal cancer:

non-small cell

lung cancer
Tumor tissue
Analysis whether treatment with a particular type of targeted therapy is appropriate


23.
Lactate dehydrogenase
Germ cell tumor
Blood assess the stage
Assess stage, prognosis and response treatment


24.
Nuclear matrix
Bladder cancer
Urine
Monitor protein 22 response to treatment


25.
Prostate specific
Prostate cancer
Blood
Diagnose, assess antigen (PSA) response to (<5ng/ml) treatment and recurrence


26.
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid cancer
Tumor tissue
To evaluate response to treatment and to look recurrence


27.
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uP A) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)
Breast cancer
Tumor tissue
Determine aggressiveness of cancer


28.
70- Gene signature (Mammaprint)
Breast cancer
Tumor tissue
To evaluate risk of recurrence


29.
21-|Gene signature (Oncotype DX)
Breast cancer
Tumor tissue
 


30.
5- protein
Ovarian cancer
Blood
Preoperatively signature assess pelvic mass for suspected ovarian cancer



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