What is the foundation of knowledge model in nursing?

 

In nursing, the foundation of knowledge is built on several key models and theories that guide the practice, education, and research within the field. One prominent framework is the Nursing Theory. Nursing theories provide a systematic and organized way to understand, explain, and predict nursing phenomena. They help to define the principles and values that underpin nursing practice. Some of the foundational nursing theories include:

 	
Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory: Developed by Florence Nightingale, this theory emphasizes the significance of the environment in influencing the health and well-being of individuals. It underscores the importance of a clean, well-ventilated, and supportive environment in the healing process.
 	
Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory: Henderson’s theory focuses on meeting the basic human needs of patients to help them regain independence. It identifies 14 fundamental needs, ranging from breathing and eating to communication and learning.
 	
Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory: Orem’s theory revolves around the idea that individuals have the ability for self-care, but when they are unable to meet their self-care needs, nursing intervention becomes necessary to restore health.
 	
Betty Neuman’s Systems Model: Neuman’s model views individuals as dynamic systems that respond to stressors in their environment. It emphasizes the role of nursing in helping individuals maintain a balance and stability in the face of these stressors.
 	
Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory: Peplau’s theory focuses on the nurse-patient relationship and the therapeutic use of interpersonal processes to facilitate healing. It highlights the nurse’s role in helping patients overcome health challenges.
 	
Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: Watson’s theory emphasizes the importance of a caring relationship between the nurse and the patient. It views nursing as a holistic endeavor that involves caring for the patient’s physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
 	
Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory: Leininger’s theory emphasizes the importance of culturally competent care. It recognizes the impact of culture on health beliefs and practices and advocates for nursing care that is sensitive to the cultural background of the patient.