Introduction

Atopic eczema is a lasting inflammatory skin disease associated with dryness and itching, recurrent exacerbations, and other non-cutaneous symptoms (Čepelak, Dodig & Pavić 2019). It’s a pediatric form of atopic dermatitis that can occur in people of any age. Many other atopic conditions, like asthma and also allergic rhinitis, usually develop around the same time as atopic dermatitis. Although multifaceted, it is considered to have multifactorial etiology (i.e., genetic and also environmental factors). Atopic eczema is a very severely ill condition that has a significant impact on the quality of life, is prevalent across different age groups, and is caused by complex hereditary and environmental effects (Lifschitz, 2015).

Atopic eczema is not only an illness that a considerable number of children have but also, individuals between 10 to 20 % of the adult population of developed countries develop it (Blome et al., 2016). This additionally may be chronic, lasting into adulthood, and having a life-long effect on people. The effect can be highly profound on individual health, which could lead to several discomforts, sleep disturbances, and decreased quality of life. Atopic eczema, with a highly complex etiology, genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers, is an interesting and challenging LTC to explore (Hebert et al., 2023). It is believed that atopic eczema occurs in 15% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of the adult population in industrialized countries. A prevalence difference occurs between regions and ethnicities, while higher rates are observed at certain ages. The role of family history in the prevalence of atopic eczema cannot be underestimated, with the concordance rates of these grabbing 77% in monozygotic twins and 15% in the dizygotic twins reported (Thomas et al., 2014).

The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis consists of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Filaggrin gene mutations that affect skin barrier function and immune regulation cause impaired skin barrier function and increased IgE sensitization to allergens (Gábor Mócsai et al., 2015). Immunological disorders in which Th2-dependent inflammation plays a significant role have been associated with disease development and progression. The nursing process is the systematic approach that nurses use in the patient care process: patient assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. The nursing process, which aims at holistic care and incorporates the physical and psychosocial aspects of the patient, is essential for the care of patients with atopic eczema by facilitating effective management and coping strategies (Klinnert et al., 2018).

The nursing process is an integral part of the Practice to enable patient-centered care, develop continuity of care, and improve patient outcomes. Dermatitis is a collective name for the types of skin inflammation of different etiology. The typical symptoms include redness, peeling, blisters, itching, and thickening, where there is more chronic inflammation. However, the characteristics of dermatitis are usually particular; in clinical practice, such differentiation is sometimes tricky and can be challenging, especially when other inflammatory skin conditions are also present. (Mowad et al., 2016)

Assessment

Healthcare assessment is quintessential for detecting hazards, steering interventions, and enhancing outcomes. Through structured data collection methods, healthcare providers ascertain subjective and objective information to determine the overall health status of a patient. It comprises of obtaining the patient’s medical history, physical checkup, and standardized assessment tools such as the ABCDE approach and NEWS score (Hebert et al., 2023).

Some essential assessment domains involve monitoring vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Vital signs, for example, blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature, are essential since they give an understanding of a patient’s physiological status and can help in the detection of danger signs (Sapra, 2023). The physical examination is valuable in the assessment of many body systems. This helps identify abnormalities or clinical manifestations of underlying diseases (Hebert et al., 2023). Also, disease pathophysiology is essential since it improves the clinician’s decision-making and planning. Under conditions like eczema, a dysfunctional skin barrier, dysregulated immune response, and genetics play a role in its occurrence and evolution. In the case of these processes, however, interventions are designed to regulate them, to prevent a disease progression if possible, and to provide symptom avoidance through resilience promotion. Alongside physical health, mental health is another area that ought to be considered since it involves t