Based on the case, identify pharmacologic and/or nonpharmacologic treatments you would recommend. Provide support from a scholarly source to support your decision

The primary method for addressing Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children involves interventions such as therapy and coaching (Helander et al., 2022). These non-drug treatments aim to help the child understand the root causes of their anger and acquire techniques for self-improvement. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is particularly effective in assisting the child in identifying and changing behaviors by recognizing the patterns that lead to these actions. Additionally, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) provides children with strategies to manage their emotions (Helander et al., 2022).

Pharmacological treatments are typically considered if symptoms like aggression and emotional instability persist despite these interventions (Helander et al., 2022). While there are no FDA-approved medications specifically for ODD, clinicians may sometimes recommend antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone or mood stabilizers in conjunction with antipsychotics, such as lithium and olanzapine.