DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria and Psychotherapy Treatment Options

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria and Psychotherapy Treatment Options

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD. All the criteria are required for the diagnosis of PTSD to be made (Miao et al., 2018). The following are the diagnostic criteria:

• Criterion A: An individual is exposed to actual or threatened death, sexual assault, or serious injury through direct or indirect exposure, witnessing the traumatic event, or learning that the stressful events happened to a close family member or friends.
• Criterion B: An individual repeatedly experiences recurrent, unwanted memories, dissociative reactions, nightmares, psychological and emotional distress after re-exposure to traumatic events.
• Criterion C: Continuous avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli.
• Criterion D: Negative changes in cognition and mood. For instance, forgetting important aspects of traumatic occurrences, negative view of the world and oneself, negative views on the consequences of traumatic events, continuous negative emotional state, lack of interest in daily activities, isolation from others in society, and difficulty experiencing negative emotions.
• Criterion E: Changes in reaction and arousal. Individuals can be highly irritable, self-destructive, hyper-vigilant, suffer from sleep disturbance, have poor concentration, and an exaggerated startle reaction.
• Criterion F: Symptoms in criteria B, C, D, and E last for one month. Criterion G: symptoms interfere with social and occupational activities. Criterion H: the symptoms have not occurred due to medication, alcohol, or medical conditions.

The video case presentation by Dr. Grande has provided adequate information to make a diagnosis of PTSD. Joe’s symptoms began after witnessing a traumatic event. This symptom falls in Criterion A of DSM-5 for diagnosis of PTSD. He also had flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbance, and risky behavior. The symptoms he experienced are part of criteria B, C, D, and E of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD. I concur with the diagnosis of the conductive disorder and major depressive disorder. Individuals with PTSD are likely to suffer from conductive disorders due to shared risk factors and symptoms (Bernhard et al., 2018). According to Habukawa et al. (2018), PTSD is also associated with major depressive disorder. Symptoms such as sleep disturbance present in PTSD and major depressive disorder.

Psychotherapy Treatment Option

Narrative exposure therapy can be used in the management of PTSD. Patients with PTSD come up with a narrative to examine traumatic life events. However, this method of therapy can only be used as an adjunct to definitive treatment. The gold standard is cognitive behavioral therapy which is more efficient because it focuses on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Bourdon et al., 2019). It changes an individual’s views towards traumatic events and restores them to normal functioning in society. Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners should use cognitive behavioral therapy to treat PTSD as multiple studies prove its efficiency.

Sources

All the supporting articles by Benhard et al. (2017), Bourdon et al.’s (2019), Habukawa et al. (2018), and Kunimatsu et al. (2018) are found in Google Scholar, and the journals the articles appear in are peer-reviewed. Furthermore, the authors’ names and their relevant credentials have been provided. The universities or research institutes associated with the authors have also been mentioned. Accordingly, these sources are considered scholarly.

References

Bernhard, A., Martinelli, A., Ackermann, K., Saure, D., & Freitag, C. M. (2018). Association of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 91, 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.019

Bourdon, D. É., El-Baalbaki, G., Girard, D., Lapointe-Blackburn, É., & Guay, S. (2019). Schemas and coping strategies in cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD: A systematic review. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 3(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2018.09.005