Identify two strongly recommended medication classes for the treatment of the condition and provide an example (drug name) for each:

Intranasal corticosteroids are recommended as the first treatment for allergic rhinitis, according to the clinical practice guidelines for its management (Almutairi et al., 2020). This kind of suggestion may be found in the clinical practice handbook. Recent research has shown that intranasal injection of corticosteroids is one of the most effective methods of treating allergic rhinitis and preventing its symptoms from worsening. Fluticasone (Flonase), triamcinolone (Nasacort), ciclesonide (Omnaris), and mometasone (Nasonex) are all examples of intranasal corticosteroids. The effectiveness of these drugs depends on their ability to reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and lessen the body’s susceptibility to environmental allergens.

The suggestion also says that antihistamines or spray antihistamines can be used as a second-line treatment for allergic rhinitis. Antihistamines help reduce allergic rhinitis symptoms by stopping Histamine, the main chemical that causes allergic reactions, from doing its job. Hay fever is also treated with antihistamines. There are many different kinds of antihistamines, including loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), and fexofenadine (Allegra). Intranasal antihistamines like azelastine (Astelin) and olopatadine (Patanase) are also available. By stopping Histamine from connecting to its receptors, these medicines stop the production of inflammatory molecules that cause allergy symptoms.

Describe the mechanism of action for each of the medication classes identified above:

The best way to treat allergic rhinitis is to use inhaled antihistamines through the nose. These medicines make the tissue that lines the nasal passages less inflamed. By reacting with glucocorticoid receptors on the surface of cells in the nasal passage, they stop the body from making chemicals that cause inflammation, such as Histamine, cytokines, and leukotrienes (Seidman et al., 2015). Because of this relationship, fewer of these chemicals are being made. Because of this, the symptoms of allergic rhinitides, such as stuffy nose, coughing, and a runny nose, are finally relieved. Intranasal corticosteroids are often the first treatment for allergic rhinitis because they make the symptoms less severe.

Antihistamines are another way to treat the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Since Histamine is the main chemical that causes allergic responses, these medicines may only work if they stop the release of Histamine (Seidman et al., 2015). Mast cells make Histamine when they come in contact with allergens. This sets off a chain of inflammatory events that lead to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Antihistamines lessen the signs of allergic rhinitis by stopping the body’s Histamine from doing its usual job. Antihistamines like azelastine (Astelin) and olopatadine (Patanase) can be breathed in instead of eaten. These medicines may work directly on the nasal tissue, which would help relieve symptoms more quickly and in more ways.