In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following………. Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis) The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms. Case Study Analysis-Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Process Case Study Analysis-Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Process Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. How these processes interact to affect the patient. Please write the title, introduction, body, conclusion, and reference page. Thank You!
Case Study Analysis-Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Process
The functions of the heart and lungs within the human body are related. Any health issue affecting the heart or lungs affects the other organs. In the paper, I will analyze the case of an 11-year-old boy who complains of wheezing and shortness of breath when playing. The symptoms have progressed to the point it affects him when rested. This analysis will present how cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes lead to the patient’s symptoms, racial/ethnic variables that may affect physiological function, and how race interacts with cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes to affect the patient.
Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes
From the manifested symptoms and the nature in which they manifest, the patient is asthmatic. Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the respiratory system (Boonpiyathad et al., 2019). The development of the conditions and symptoms exhibited by the 11-year-old occur due to inflammation in the cardiopulmonary system, which alters the structure of related organs. Inflammation of the airways, majorly occurring on the smooth muscles, creates abnormal changes within the airways. The inflammation can occur due to exposure to irritants and pathogens within the environment (Boonpiyathad et al., 2019). The irritants and pathogens trigger the cells within the smooth muscles to antibodies and various types of white blood cells to contain the inflammation (Sinyor & Perez, 2022). The action of these cells causes further inflammation and leads to constriction of the airways, including the bronchioles. Bronchoconstriction reduces the amount of air flowing to and from the lungs. The reduced flow of air leads to a reduction of the oxygen available in the lungs hence reduced oxygen exchange. This further reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood for the optimal functioning of other organs, including the heart. Bronchoconstriction results in labored breathing and increased heartbeat rate to meet the body’s oxygen needs. The exercises exacerbate the symptoms, while the exposure to allergens at home, such as the neighbor’s cat, triggers asthma, therefore, the manifestation of the symptoms at rest.
Racial/Ethnic Variables’ Impact on Heart and Lung Physiological Functioning
Race or ethnicity significantly impacts the physiological functioning of the heart and lungs. However, this occurs in connection to other factors of the individual, including genetics, their immediate environment, and other social factors. For instance, an individual’s race, as defined by their genes differences, impacts the structure, heart chamber size, strength, and flexibility of heart muscles and hence the overall structure and functioning of the heart (Meyer et al., 2020). Similarly, single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analyses of lung tissue have also shown that genetics influence lung size and shape (Schiller et al., 2019). These can explain the disparities in the prevalence of lung and heart diseases and the severity of related diseases in the United States and worldwide.
How These Processes Interact to Affect the Patient
From the understanding of how ethnicity or an individual’s racial background can affect the size, shape, and strength of their lungs and hearts and the overall physiological functioning, ethnicity or race can affect the pathophysiologic process of the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems. The differences in cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems functioning on the basis of race and ethnicity can further impact the severity of the manifested symptoms in a patient with asthma. Based on this, the 11-year-old will manifest symptoms of asthma in relation to their race and ethnicity.
References
Boonpiyathad, T., Sözener, Z. C., Satitsuksanoa, P., & Akdis, C. A. (2019). Immunologic mechanisms in asthma. Seminars in Immunology, 46, 101333. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SMIM.2019.101333
Meyer, H. V., Dawes, T. J. W., Serrani, M., Bai, W., Tokarczuk, P., Cai, J., de Marvao, A., Henry, A., Lumbers, R. T., Gierten, J., Thumberger, T., Wittbrodt, J., Ware, J. S., Rueckert, D., Matthews, P. M., Prasad, S. K., Costantino, M. L., Cook, S. A., Birney, E., & O’Regan, D. P. (2020). Genetic and functional insights into the fractal structure of the heart. Nature 2020 584:7822, 584(7822), 589–594. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2635-8