In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following: The factors that affect fertility (STDs). Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID. Why prostatitis and infection happen. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction. Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP. Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic). Use the following information to formulate your analysis A 67-year-old female presents with chief complaint of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet. She states she feels unsteady when she walks. PMH includes hypothyroidism well controlled on Synthroid 100 mcg/day. No hx of HTN or CHF. Vital signs: Temp 98.7 F, pulse 118, Respirations 22, BP 108/64, PaO2 95% on room air. Physical exam revealed pale, anxious female appearing older than stated years. HEENT- pale conjunctiva of eyes and pale palate. Tongue beefy red and slightly swollen with l
Case Study Analysis on Anemia
Anemia is a medical condition in which the total number of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in the blood decreases. It is one of the most prevalent blood diseases that several circumstances may cause. This paper will review the anemia described in the case scenario, two additional forms of anemias (microcytic and macrocytic), and any racial or ethnic factors that may play a role in anemia. Do you need help with your assignment ? Contact us at eminencepapers.com.
Anaemia Present in the Case Scenario
The case scenario involves a 67-year-old woman who visits the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, weariness, weakness, unexpected weight loss, and moderate numbness in her feet. Her physical examination showed that her turbinates were pale but not swollen, that the conjunctiva of her eyes was pale, and that her palate was pale. Her tongue was meaty red and somewhat swollen, lacking typical rugae. The results of the laboratory tests showed that the patient had low levels of haemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocytes.
Due to low haemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count, microcytic anemia is the most likely diagnosis in this case. The decreased size of red blood cells (RBCs) characteristic of microcytic anemias is reflected in a reduced MCV (mean corpuscular volume) on laboratory tests (ASH, 2021; Lam, 2020). Iron deficiency, which may occur due to low food intake, poor absorption of iron, or increased iron loss owing to blood loss, is the most prevalent cause of microcytic anemia.
Two Other Types of Anemias
Two other types of anemias include macrocytic and normocytic anemias. A high mean corpuscular volume (MCV) reflects the increased RBC size in macrocytic anemias. Notably, vitamin B12 or folate insufficiency, which may occur due to low dietary intake or poor absorption of these vital elements, is the leading cause of macrocytic anemia (McCance & Huether, 2019). Conversely, normocytic anemias are those with normal-sized RBCs, as seen by a normal MCV. Chronic illnesses like kidney or liver disease, chronic inflammation, or immune system abnormalities are the most prevalent causes of normocytic anemia.
Racial and Ethnic Variables
Some populations may be more susceptible to anemia due to racial and ethnic factors. Because of greater pregnancy rates and blood loss during delivery, African Americans, for instance, are more likely to be iron deficient. Also, due to their larger consumption of corn-based goods, Hispanics are more prone to be folate deficient (Gonzalez-Velez et al., 2020).
Conclusion
In conclusion, anemia is a common blood disorder caused by various factors. The anemia presented in the case scenario is likely a microcytic anemia due to the low haemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count. The two other anemias discussed in this paper are macrocytic and normocytic. Racial and ethnic variables like greater pregnancy rates, blood loss during delivery, andarger consumption of corn-based foods may contribute to anemias in certain populations.
References
ASH. (2021). Anaemia. Www.hematology.org. https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia
Gonzalez‐Velez, M., Mead‐Harvey, C., Kosiorek, H. E., Kusne, Y. N., Rivera, C., Bojanini, L., Northfelt, D. W., & Padrnos, L. J. (2020). Racial/ethnic differences in patients with anaemia and folate deficiency. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 42(4), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13205
Lam, P. (2020, March 26). Anaemia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments. Www.medicalnewstoday.com. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158800
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition.