Review of Literature and Synthesis of Evidence
The PICO question ” in hospital nursing personnel, what is the effectiveness of group therapy sessions compared with self-care practices, such as meditation and schedule self-management, on the burnout rates reduction?” was reviewed with the help of several peer-reviewed articles found through online databases. Keywords that led to the articles used in this paper were “burnout self-care,” “burnout interventions comparison,” “burnout prevention strategies,” “stress coping,” and “burnout team-based therapy.” The following databases were searched: ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, Wiley Online Library, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, and APA PsycINFO. Additional criteria for the articles were peer-reviewed, posted in 2018 or earlier, written in English, with mandatory inclusion of the “nursing” keyword in all papers. Eight out of eleven relevant articles consisting of meta-analyses, scoping reviews, systematic reviews, and two case studies were selected to be utilized for this paper. Their levels of evidence were analyzed in accordance with Melnyk’s hierarchy of evidence (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). The majority of the articles present a review of the existing evidence, compiling the information from multiple sources.
Common Themes in Literature
The majority of the articles discussed the impact of nurses’ burnout on the quality of healthcare and presented a collection of common factors contributing to this phenomenon in a hospital setting. Some of the articles have focused on either self-care or organizational interventions that aim to alleviate the issue. However, many systematic reviews have taken into account both individual resilience training and group mindfulness sessions, although without their direct comparison.
Definition and impact of nurses’ burnout. The articles clearly outline the adverse effects of the decreased mental status of healthcare personnel. Several papers present data regarding the quality of care and its apparent decrease due to a high-stress work environment. Burnout in nurses can be summarized as a state of mental and physical exhaustion stemming from work-related conditions (De Oliveira et al., 2019; Sultana et al., 2020). Articles often describe how this impediment affects nurses’ workplaces, leading to adverse outcomes among patients (Aryankhesal et al., 2019; Barrientos-Trigo et al., 2018 ; Sultana et al., 2020). The reduction of this impact is the primary objective for intended interventions.
Primary psychological stressors in hospitals. The factors that are essential to alleviate in order to improve nurses’ working conditions are commonly in the focus. The key sources of stress are identified as the following: depersonalization, accomplishments perceived as unsatisfactory, emotional exhaustion, high demand of positive outcomes, low control over job tasks, insecurity of career, and irregular work hours (De Oliveira et al., 2019; Gray et al., 2019; Thomas et al., 2019). Many interventions focus on either one or several stress factors by utilizing various wellness techniques from psychology (Prudenzi et al., 2021; Thomas et al., 2019).
Group-based stress reduction interventions. The application of organization-wide interventions is a primary topic for the two case studies that are selected for the paper, as well as the discussed option in reviews. Group therapy is defined as an intervention that focuses on teams from the same setting and have shared work-related stress sources (Montgomery et al., 2019; Prudenzi et al., 2021; Sultana et al., 2020). Several articles focus specifically on this topic to present a valid point for changes in the role a healthcare facility in the wellbeing of its employees (Montgomery et al., 2019; Prudenzi et al.).
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The role of self-care in burnout prevention. The topic of self-care is widely covered within the presented articles, giving a clear picture of how healthcare personnel can benefit from such techniques (Barrientos-Trigo et al., 2018; De Oliveira et al., 2019). Articles do present evidence that nurses can build individual resilience without any external support. Such papers suggest that these interventions increase the feeling of control in employees (Barrientos-Trigo et al., 2018; Gray et al., 2019). Nonetheless, focusing on a single individual may be disruptive for an organization.
Identified Gaps in Knowledge
The following gaps were identified: the lack of comparison between anti-stress methods, no standardized measure for different approaches, and no clear statements regarding the necessary changes in an or