A viable strategy to feed the planet and its people must also encourage the biodiversity preservation. One of the best ways to stimulate biodiversity is to reserve natural habitats. By sustaining or even increasing harvests on standing land, expansion of agriculture into natural areas can be minimized with help of biotechnology crops. Agriculture has been the pillar of food and nutrient supply not only for human but also for animals directly and indirectly. At this time agriculture is suffering from lots of complications such as varying climate, burden for large scale production of grain and pest interruption etc. These problems of agriculture biotechnology can be mitigated by using technique of plant breeding. The strength of this technique is to transfer gene from any source to plants. Similarly, Nanotechnology unties a huge opportunity of unique application in the field of agriculture biotechnology. Agriculture biotechnology proved helpful for growth of herbicide tolerant, pest resistant, insect resistant and disease resistant plants.

Introduction

Sustainable Agriculture can be demarcated as the organization of agricultural resources to fulfill human needs, without conceding the quality of the environment and obstructing natural resources (Chandra AK, et al. 2018). Agriculture is the strength of our country. It does not only involve the rising of crops but forestry, animal farming are also its part. The land and environment of our country is so much rich and miscellaneous that we are in a position to harvest agricultural yields relatively cheaply. The load on agriculture to nourish the population is growing with the increase in the population. To meet the ever growing demand of food grains farmers raises the crop on the unwanted lands like salt affected areas. Existing agriculture practices and machineries are famous to meet the requirement in a supportable ways.

Improving the agricultural crop, decreasing the post-harvest injuries, checking yield losses due to diseases, pest outbreak, drought stress, salt stress and also increasing the nutritive value of the agricultural yield are some of the main target which scientist are ready to attain in the modern agriculture. Biotechnology has grew as a science whose range is limited by our mind only.

Unexpected success in the field of chemistry, molecular biology and plant sciences has leaded it to a new stature. The uses of biotechnology to agriculture have been determined, both within the agriculture segment and outside it. Karoly Ereky was the first scientist who used the term Biotechnology in 1919. Biotechnology can be defined as use of living organisms and living system for benefit of mankind. Enhancing the food grain assembly and thereby increasing the earnings of farmer is the main target of the biotechnology (Kumar K, et al. 2018).

The succeeding 50 years is expected to be the last period of fast agricultural development thereafter the globe should be in a stable state. Agriculture biotechnology proved helpful to fulfill the food demands of growing population in world. To get ahead the next 50 years, it is valuable to gaze back on what has occurred the past 50 years. A rise in land region of about 27% contributed to the manufacture of that additional food.

This unbelievable increase in crop was attained by a combination of features—superior varieties, more pesticides, more irrigation and more systematization, as well as growth in cultivated area. Different technologies are used in field of agriculture biotechnology like plant breeding, marker assisted selection and nanotechnology etc. Nanotechnology, a new developing and interesting field of science, permits progressive research in many regions, and Nano technological detections could open up new applications in the field of biotechnology and agriculture (Siddiqui MH, et al. 2015).

History

Though Mendel made his remarks about heritage patterns in peas in the mid-1800s, they were misplaced from the scientific community and then rediscovered by botanist in 1900. Hybrid corn was the first widely grown crop developed in 1920 based on Mendel’s principles. In early 1970s rice yield in the Philippines increased from 2 metric tons per hectare to over 3 metric tons per hectare in early in 1980 during the period of green revolution.

As a whole wheat and rice production increased by about 75% in the developing world between 1965 to 1980. In the early 1990s the first wave of agricultural biotechnology products originated has helped farmers and manufacturers by providing agronomic traits. As a result crop yield increases at low costs. The second wave of agricultural biotechnology crops is planned to spread the market in 2002–2005 and will mark output traits, encouraging to increase the value of crops from the farmer to the consumer.

A third wave of agro-biotechnology, project